ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the impact of preload fasting and meal replacement in patients with metabolic syndrome.Methods A total of 92 subjects with metabolic syndrome were enrolled in the study.They were assigned into the preload fasting group (PFG),the meal replacement group (MRG),and the control group (CG) for 12-weeks intervention.Special dietary with 100 kcal was provided 30 min before each meal in the PFG,and while in the MRG the same dietary was taken just before each meal and the amount of meal was reduced appropriately.The subjects in CG took meals as usual.Body mass index,waist circumference,and insulin resistance were assessed.Satiety situation was investigated by the scale.Results After 12 weeks,improvement were found in fasting insulin(-3.29 mU/L) and waist circumference (-4.04 cm) in the PFG and significant difference was shown compared to the CG (P＜0.05).Satiety index in the PFG was the most significant among the three group.Conclusion Preload fasting is helpful in improving insulin resistance,reducing waist circumference,and enhancing satiety.
ABSTRACT
Objective This study aimed at retrospective analysis of some metastatic breast cancer cases,investigated the recurrence of brain metastases of metastatic breast cancer in patients with risk factors,and provided a reference for the implementation of prevention strategies in the treatment plan and a reasonable choice.Methods A total of 796 breast cancer cases was visited,of whom 456 patients with recurrent metastatic breast cancer,in which 61 patients were with brain metastasis.The follow-up data were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software.x2 was used to test the age,estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),cerbB-2 expression,lymph node metastasis,and brain metastasis.The COX proportional hazard model was used to analyze the recurrence and metastasis in patients with single-factor,multi-factor analysis,in order to obtain the independent prognostic factors.Results The x2 tests that group age ≤ 35 years,hormone receptor-negative,CerbB-2 (2 +)/(3 +) has a higher risk than another group (x2 =24.92,8.28,4.02,P ＜0.01 orP ＜0.05).COX univariate analysis showed that patient age,tumor size,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases were looked.as the first metastatic site and hormone therapy.Those were significant factors whether the patient suffered from brain metastasis (P ＜ 0.05).COX multivariate analysis showed that age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,and lung metastases were looked as the first metastatic site acted as an independent prognostic factor for brain metastasis (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Age,ER and PR expression,CerbB-2 expression,lung metastases as the first metastatic site are the independent prognostic factors for brain metastasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the role of p38MAPK in the differentiation of murine osteoblasts, and to observe the expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG). Methods The calvarial osteoblasts of newborn BALB/c mice were cultured in MEM medium containing 10% NCS. Raloxifene (10~(-7) mol/L) and 17β-estradiol (10~(-8) mol/L) were added respectively when cells reached 70%-80% confluence combined with or without 5 μmol/L SB202190, an inhibitor of p38MAPK. The osteoblasts alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed 72 hours later using PNPP method, and mRNA levels of alkaliphosphatase (ALP), OPG and RANKL were determined by RT-PCR. Results 17β-estradiol and raloxifene increased ALP activity and ALP mRNA level in osteoblasts in vitro which were blocked by p38MAPK inhibitor.The mRNA levels of RANKL and OPG were up-regulated by 17β-estradiol and raloxifene while the ratio of OPG/RANKL kept constant. SB202190 (5 μmol/L) inhibited the highly expressed RANKL and OPG in osteoblasts, and obviously decreased the ratio of OPG/RANKL. Conclusions p38MAPK inhibition blocked the differentiation of osteoblasts and decreased the up-regulated OPG and RANKL expressions in osteoblasts significantly (P<0.05).
ABSTRACT
Transient ischemic attack(TIA)is known as a risk warning signal of cerebral infarction. In order to screen the patients with high risk of TIA rapidly and give them correct and timely treatment, and thus prevent stroke, this article reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and imaging that affect on TIA, and the more commonly used prognostic rating scales at present.